Rare earth elements (REEs) and critical minerals are the foundation of America’s national defense systems, clean energy technologies, and future- focused industries. These resources are essential for producing electric vehicle (EV) batteries, wind turbines, solar panels, semiconductors, military equipment, and everyday consumer electronics. Despite their critical importance, the United States remains dangerously dependent on foreign sources particularly China-for both raw materials and refined mineral products.

 Critical minerals include lithium, cobalt, nickel, copper, graphite, and a group of 17 rare earth elements such as neodymium, dysprosium, and lanthanum. These materials enable high-performance capabilities in energy storage, communication, and defense applications, yet over 70% of the world’s rare earth production and nearly 90% of global processing capacity are controlled by China. Additionally, the US. imports more than 50% of its supply of over 30 critical minerals, leaving our industries and national security interests vulnerable to supply chain disruptions, trade disputes, and geopolitical leverage.

 The national security implications are particularly urgent. Rare earths are indispensable for advanced military technologies, including missile guidance systems, fighter jets, radar arrays, and secure communications. In times of conflict or rising tensions, foreign control over these materials could be weaponized against the U.S. For example, in 2010, China restricted rare earth exports to Japan during a diplomatic dispute demonstrating how these resources can become geopolitical tools.

 Economically, our reliance on imports threatens the growth of clean energy and high-tech sectors. The transition to electric vehicles and renewable energy requires a stable, affordable supply of battery-grade minerals. Without domestic infrastructure to mine, refine, and recycle these materials, the US. faces delays, price spikes, and long-term dependence on geopolitical rivals. America cannot lead the future of clean energy or technological innovation without securing control over these foundational inputs.

 Fortunately, the U.S. holds significant untapped reserves of many critical minerals. With the right investment and policy support, we can responsibly mine and process these materials domestically-creating high-paying jobs, revitalizing rural communities, and setting a global standard for environmental stewardship. Federal support is essential to accelerate these efforts and reduce permitting delays that can stretch mine development to over a decade.

 To move forward, the U.S. must modernize its permitting system, invest in research and development for refining and recycling technologies, and incentivize public-private partnerships. Environmental safeguards should remain strong, but bureaucratic bottlenecks and redundant reviews must be addressed to unlock America’s resource potential.